The Impact of the Environment on the Formation of Creation Imagery and Its Essence in Ancient Iraqi and Egyptian Thought – A Comparative Study

The ancient Iraqis presented a civilization that had the forerunner of excellence originality and perfection, making it a beacon that illuminated the darkness of antiquity, but that civilization, like any other human civilization, was interspersed with forms and images of exploitation and human injustice, The most prominent phenomenon of despotism, Which permeated all social, economic, religious and political frameworks, to transform the life of the ancient Iraqi individual into an endless series of misery and misery. The phenomenon of despotism in general and in the East in particular has been addressed in a large number of studies and works, especially from Western scholars and philosophers. However, these studies give it an idea that is closer to being a racist idea , As it made the phenomenon of despotism a natural phenomenon for the peoples of the East, including the ancient Iraq, claiming that the nature of such peoples as slaves subject to surrendering to the manifestations of tyranny and despotism, or the pretext of inevitability the emergence of despotism in those areas depending on climatic factors and natural or economic factors, and even linked to factors Religious. Hence the hypothesis of the research, first to clarify that the phenomenon of despotism as a bad social phenomenon can affect all societies and at any time and place, and can't be limited to a society or an era in itself, either the second is to clarify that despotism is a global phenomenon linked to several factors and reasons And not a particular specific factor, as most of these studies tried to prove, by emphasizing a specific factor and the sole or main reason for the emergence of the phenomenon of despotism without other factors. That the comprehensiveness of the subject required that the study be in four chapters with an introduction and a preface as well as our conclusions. We explained in the preface the linguistic and theological meaning of despotism, and explain its overlap with the concept of despotism, and the questionnaire of the concept of Oriental Despotism and response to it, as well as dealing with the most important factors of the emergence of despotism in general. While noting in the conclusions the most important points of the study. The first chapter Which is entitled "Social despotism" dealt with Two sections, The first "Family and tribal despotism" dealt with the prevalence of despotism in these two social forms, While the second (class despotism) dealt with the practice of this phenomenon classically against the slaves Firstly, and against the classes ruled by the ruling class secondly. The second chapter Which is entitled "Economic despotism", dealt with two sections, We discussed in the first the authoritarian nature of the ancient Iraqi economic thought, while the second dealt with forms and manifestations of economic despotism. The third chapter, which we have described as "religious despotism " has been divided into two sections, to study the forms and images of religious despotism according to the ancient Iraqi thought, In the first part of the first section (despotism of the gods) we dealt with the despotism of gods against gods, In the second part of this section we dealt with the despotism of the gods against man, By his creation of labor and servitude And the confirmation of death on him, As well as dealing with the divine sanctions of despotism against human beings and the absence of divine justice Authoritarianism, Either the second section (the despotism of the religious institution), we dealt with the Authoritarianism practices of that institution against the community Firstly and against the political authority secondly. The fourth chapter Which is entitled "Political despotism" was devoted to the study of the Authoritarianism practices of political power in the ancient Iraq, so we divided it into three sections, In the first section we explained the transformation of the old regime from the democratic to the monarchical monarchy. In the second, the tyranny of political authority against the political opponents came. The third is to show the authoritarian practices of political power against the ancient Iraqi society. The present study has come up with a number of results, the most important of which is that despotism is a bad human phenomenon that can manifest itself in various human societies in every place and time, and can't be limited to a specific society or a specific period of time, For ethnic or religious reasons, Because their appearance depends on general causes, including human nature and psychological factors as well as social, economic, religious and political factors