Zachary Taylor And his military and Political role in the United States of America 1784-1850
زاكاري تايلور ودوره العسكري و السياسي في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية 1784-1850
| dc.contributor.advisor | الأستاذ الدكتور عباس فرحان ظاهر الموسوي | ar |
| dc.contributor.author | الكعبي, هشام نعيم غليم | ar |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-09-22T05:57:04Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | en |
| dc.description.abstract | الفصل الأول الموسوم بـ( زاكاري تايلور نسبه ونشأته الأسرية وبدايات نشاطه العسكري حتى عام 1811) وتضمن أربعة مباحث، استعرض المبحث الأول انحداره الأسريّ وأصول عائلته الإنكليزيّة، التي هاجرت إلى العالم الجديد، ويعزى سبب مغادرته، لأن الأراضي كانت مجانية وشاسعة، وتطرق المبحث الثاني إلى ولادته ونشأته الأسرية، مبيناً الصعوبات التي واجهت تعليمه في بداياته، في حين بين المبحث الثالث انضمام تايلور إلى الجيش الأمريكي عام 1808، إما المبحث الرابع فقد سلط الضوء على حياته الاجتماعية ومناصبة العسكرية حتى عام 1811، وقسم على محورين، الأول زواجه من مارغريت ماكال سميث في عام 1810 ، إما من الجانب العسكري توليه قيادة حصن نوكس عام 1811. درس الفصل الثاني ( دور زاكاري تايلور العسكري بين عامي 1812–1832) وتضمن أربعة مباحث تناول المبحث الأول : تولي زاكاري تايلور حصن هاريسون والدفاع عنه عام 1812، أبان الحرب الأميركية البريطانية 1812- 1814، و التي تعد من أبرز الحروب في تاريخ الولايات المتحدة الأميركية بعد حرب الاستقلال، وحمل المبحث الثاني عنوان : دور زاكاري تايلور العسكري بين عامي 1813-1814، مسلطاً الضوء على المهام والأنشطة العسكرية التي كُلف بها خلال المدة الذي تلت دفاعه عن حصن هاريسون، واشار المبحث الثالث الى استقالة زاكاري تايلور من الجيش عام 1815، موضحاً ملابساتها ودوافعها، بينما استعرض المبحث الرابع المناصب العسكرية التي تولاها بعد عودته للخدمة بين عامي 1816-1832 . تطرق الفصل الثالث ( نشاط زاكاري تايلور العسكري 1832–1848)، تناول الفصل أبرز المحطات والحروب المفصلية التي خاضها تايلور وساهمت في صقل خبرته وبروز اسمه، وتضمن ثلاثة مباحث استعرض المبحث الأول دور زاكاري تايلور العسكري في حرب بلاك هوك عام 1832، وتناول المبحث الثاني مشاركته في حرب السيمينول الثانية بين عامي 1835-1842، وتطرق المبحث الثالث دور زاكاري تايلور العسكري في الحرب الامريكية المكسيكية بين عامي 1846-1848، إذ سلط الضوء على الحرب الأمريكية المكسيكية وشرح لأهم المعارك التي دارت بين الدولتين ودوره في تحقيق الانتصارات العسكرية على حساب الجيش المكسيكي، واختتم المبحث بمعاهدة غوادولوبي هيدالغو . تناول الفصل الرابع المعنون بـ( ترشيح وفوز زاكاري تايلور لرئاسة الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ونشاطه السياسي حتى وفاته 1848–1850) الذي احتوى على أربعة مباحث، استعرض المبحث الأول : ترشيح زاكاري تايلور للانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية عام 1848، وتطرق إلى انتخابه رئيساً إذ فاز زاكاري على منافسه لويس كاس وفي شهر اذار عام ١٨٤9 وتم تنصيبه بشكل رسمي رئيساً للولايات المتحدة الامريكية، ليبدأ بتنفيذ برنامجه الانتخابي والسياسي، إذ قام بتعيين جون كلايتون وزيراً للخارجية ورشح عدداً من الشخصيات لتولي المناصب الإدارية، وتطرقت الدراسة في المبحث الثاني : موقف زاكاري تايلور من انضمام الاراضي الجديدة الى الاتحاد وقضية العبودية 1849-1850، دوره في ضم كاليفورنيا ونيو مكسيكو إلى الاتحاد الامريكي، وحثهم على تقديم طلب الانضمام الى الاتحاد، وتناول المبحث الثالث سياسته الخارجية 1849-1850، وتضمن المبحث الرابع المراحل الاخيرة من حياته السياسية حتى وفاته عام 1850، مسلطاً الضوء على الاعوام الأخيرة لرئاسه والتي شهدت انقساماً واضحاً بين الشمال والجنوب فيما يتعلق بقضية العبودية في الأراضي الجديدة . | ar |
| dc.description.abstractenglish | Our study of Zachary Taylor's personality and traits, as well as his personal qualities, which led to his significant role in American military history through his participation and victories in numerous wars—particularly the acquisition of New Mexico and California—has led to the following key conclusions: He was born in Virginia in 1784, but as an infant, he moved with his family to Kentucky. His family settled in a wild and dangerous frontier environment, where he learned skills such as hunting, horseback riding, and farming. He began his education with his mother due to the lack of schools in those border regions, and later attended formal schools despite the risks. Taylor's upbringing was not merely rural; it was a forced military and social one. The turbulent frontier environment of Kentucky transformed him from a farmer into a soldier, teaching him combat skills and the use of weapons against potential attacks from Native Americans. Taylor's first field experience came when he volunteered for a local militia to confront Aaron Burr's ambitions, preferring military service to managing the farm. In 1808, he was commissioned as a first lieutenant in the 7th Infantry. This was not by chance, however, as his father was an army officer who recounted the exploits of George Washington to his sons, instilling in Zachary an early fighting spirit. The period between 1810–1811 represents a crucial transitional phase in Taylor’s life. In 1810, he married Margaret, and in 1811, his command of Fort Knox was the first real test of his organizational and disciplinary abilities. In 1812, Captain Zachary Taylor was assigned to command Fort Harrison at a turning point in his military career, as the fort lacked defensive fortifications. The Battle of Fort Harrison is considered a model of successful leadership, as he was able, after the collapse of morale among his men, to restore order. He was able to turn weakness into strength, which forced the Indians to withdraw. In recognition of his heroic stance, he was granted the brevet rank of Major. The period between 1813 and 1814 witnessed a remarkable shift in American military strategy. Taylor participated in military campaigns under the command of Generals Hopkins and Russell. These campaigns focused on destroying the infrastructure and agricultural crops of the Indian tribes. These operations resulted in weakening the logistical capabilities of the native population and building a network of defensive forts. In 1815, with the external military threat gone, Congress adopted a strict policy of reducing the number of soldiers and officers and abolishing the ranks that had been granted during the War of 1812. Taylor was asked to return to the rank of captain. Taylor refused and formally submitted his resignation on June 9, 1815. He returned to Louisville to devote himself to managing his farm. After one year, he returned to military service in response to the call of duty and his personal ambition, holding a series of complex command positions that honed his skills as a frontiersman. Zachary Taylor led three of the most important wars that shaped the territorial expansion of the United States. The Black Hawk War (1832) marked a turning point in the policy of dealing with the Indian tribes in the Northwest. His role was prominent in pursuing Black Hawk's forces through the rugged terrain of Wisconsin. Taylor led the line of attack that resulted in the near-total destruction of the Indian force and the surrender of Black Hawk, thus enhancing Taylor's reputation as a disciplined and trustworthy officer. Taylor then led one of the campaigns of the Second Seminole War in Florida (1835-1842). Taylor faced "guerrilla warfare" tactics in the dense Florida swamps. In this campaign, he earned his famous nickname "Old Rough and Ready" as an expression of his toughness and ability to endure the harshness of the field. Taylor then led the northern front in the Mexican-American War (1846-1848), the stage that moved him from the military arena to the presidency. He achieved victories in all his battles despite the small number of his soldiers compared to the Mexican army. The Mexican-American War revealed a deep rift between Taylor and President Polk. Politically envious of Taylor's rising popularity, Polk withdrew most of his regular troops to support Winfield Scott's campaign. Taylor considered this a military betrayal, but he achieved a victory at Buena Vista, cementing his status as an invincible national hero. Taylor's entry into politics was not driven by personal ambition, but rather by partisan and popular necessity. His immense popularity after the Mexican War made him a target for the Whig Party, which sought to replicate William Henry Harrison's success by bringing a military leader to the presidency of the United States. Zachary Taylor became the first president to assume office without prior political experience. Despite being a slave owner, Taylor opposed the expansion of slavery westward. He encouraged California and New Mexico to write their own constitutions and apply for direct statehood. He faced parliamentary conflict over slavery due to the dilemma of balancing the interests of the North and South. Taylor threatened to use military force if the South attempted secession. When Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850, which included accepting California as a free state in exchange for a stricter Fugitive Slave Act, Taylor opposed it. He wanted states to be admitted based on their own free will, without political "deals" that would increase the South's power. Taylor died on July 9, 1850, from acute gastroenteritis. He was succeeded by his Vice President, Millard Fillmore. Taylor's short tenure (16 months) was marked by his personal integrity and unwavering commitment to the Union. | en |
| dc.format.medium | ETD | en |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | en |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.31185/uowasit-88 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.uowasit.edu.iq/handle/123456789/244 | |
| dc.language.iso | ar | en |
| dc.publisher | Wasit University | en |
| dc.title | زاكاري تايلور ودوره العسكري و السياسي في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية 1784-1850 | ar |
| dc.title.alternative | Zachary Taylor And his military and Political role in the United States of America 1784-1850 | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | en |
| thesis.degree.discipline | قسم التاريخ | ar |
| thesis.degree.grantor | جامعة واسط | ar |
| thesis.degree.level | doctoral | en |
| thesis.degree.name | دكتوراه | ar |