(Rhetorical Criticism in Iraq from 2000 to 2023)
النقد البلاغي في العراق من سنة 2000م إلى سنة 2023م قراءة وتوجيه
| dc.contributor.advisor | أ. د جاسم حسين سلطان | ar |
| dc.contributor.author | شدهان, سما جبار | ar |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-09-20T09:01:25Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2026 | en |
| dc.description.abstract | الفصل الأول, فخُصِصَ للنقد البلاغي في علم البيان, وانتظم في ثلاثة مباحث؛ تناول المبحث الأول النقد البلاغي للتشبيه من خلال نماذج من الدراسات العراقية المُنتقاة, مع تحليل مفاهيمها ومرجعياتها وطرائق معالجتها للشواهد. وتناول المبحث الثاني النقد البلاغي للاستعارة, متتبعاً كيفية توظيف الدراسات لمفهوم الاستعارة واختلاف مقارباتها وإجراءاتها التطبيقية. أما المبحث الثالث فخُصِصَ للنقد البلاغي للكناية, من خلال تحليل نماذج من الدراسات التي تناولت بنيتها ووظائفها وطرائق اشتغالها في النص. وخُصِصَ الفصل الثاني للنقد البلاغي في علم المعاني, وانتظمَ في ثلاثة مباحث, تناول الأول النقد البلاغي للخبر, ودرس الثاني النقد البلاغي لأساليب الإنشاء, في حين تناول الثالث النقد البلاغي لأحوال الجملة, ولا سيما ظاهرتي التقديم والتأخير والإيجاز, مع تحليل طرائق معالجة الدراسات لهذه الظواهر ومفاهيمها وإجراءاتها التطبيقية والموازنة بينها حيث تقتضي طبيعة المادة ذلك. أما الفصل الثالث فخُصِصَ للنقد البلاغي في علم البديع, وانتظمَ في ثلاثةِ مباحث؛ تناول الأول النقد البلاغي للمحسنات اللفظية, أما المبحث الثاني فتناول النقد البلاغي للمحسنات المعنوية متمثلةٍ بالمفارقة التي أُدرِجت ضمن هذا المبحث إدراجاً إجرائياً, والطباق والمقابلة, في حين خُصِصَ المبحث الثالث لدراسات تناولت علم البديع في إطارٍ أوسع, بما يُتيح فحص اختلاف المرجعيات والمقاربات وطرائق توظيف الظواهر البديعية في تحليل النصوص. | ar |
| dc.description.abstractenglish | Arabic rhetoric, with its three branches—semantics, eloquence, and figures of speech—represents the pinnacle of aesthetic and critical maturity in the Arab linguistic mind. It constitutes a comprehensive creative framework encompassing the rules of artistic expression and a criterion for distinguishing between good and bad speech. While literary criticism has paralleled creativity since ancient times, observing the creative process and addressing the shortcomings of poets, the organic intersection between criticism and rhetoric has given rise to a distinct critical approach known as "rhetorical criticism." This approach does not merely describe stylistic phenomena but goes beyond them to interpret, evaluate, and reveal the persuasive, influential, and aesthetic dimensions inherent in literary texts. The importance of this critical approach stems from its role as an effective tool for engaging with the Arab literary heritage. Through it, classical rhetorical studies can be reread in a contemporary manner, revealing their suggestive and semantic power and highlighting their ability to keep pace with methodological and intellectual shifts in modern criticism. Rhetorical criticism in Iraq has been a fertile ground for these efforts, thanks to its accumulated intellectual heritage, rigorous critical experiences, and continuous interaction between creative writing and criticism. This has led to the production of high-quality studies that combine originality and contemporaneity, blend tradition and modernity, and benefit from modern critical approaches such as structuralism, semiotics, pragmatics, stylistics, and reception and interpretation theories, all in service of the rhetorical analysis of literary texts. Therefore, this study stems from a central question: How have contemporary Iraqi critics engaged with the Arabic rhetorical heritage in its three fields? And how have they managed to move beyond traditional descriptive approaches to multi-methodological analytical and critical approaches? What qualitative contributions did they make to the fields of: figurative criticism (simile, metaphor, and metonymy), rhetorical criticism of semantics in declarative and imperative sentences and their various states, and rhetorical criticism of figures of speech (al-badi') in its verbal and semantic embellishments? What methodological shortcomings can be noted in some of these studies? The aim of this study is to examine and analyze the efforts of contemporary Iraqi critics in the field of rhetorical criticism by tracing the transformations in rhetorical criticism, analyzing methodologies and procedures, and revealing the diverse approaches adopted by Iraqi critics, such as the psychological, mythological, contextual, and stylistic approaches, in their engagement with the three branches of rhetoric. It also aims to offer a critical reading that transcends the study of creative texts to examine criticism itself (meta-criticism) by evaluating the critics' methodologies, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of their studies, and highlighting the qualitative contributions they made to the fields of Arabic rhetoric. The importance of this study lies in its revitalization of contemporary Iraqi rhetorical studies, presenting it as a dynamic critical tool capable of generating meaning and analyzing discourse. It also documents a neglected school of criticism, shedding light on the valuable theoretical and applied contributions of contemporary Iraqi critics, contributions that may not be widely known within the broader Arab academic context. This, in turn, paves the way for broader recognition of this school. After compiling the study's material, its structure was deemed necessary, beginning with an introduction dedicated to examining the roots and development of rhetorical criticism in classical Arabic literature. This introduction traces its earliest features from the pre-Islamic era to the codification of rhetoric, highlighting the relationship between criticism and rhetoric, and the factors that contributed to the emergence and development of this trend, such as the rhetoric of the Holy Quran, the Prophetic Hadith, and the intellectual and political conflicts of the Umayyad and Abbasid eras. The first chapter dealt with rhetorical criticism and was divided into three sections. The first section addressed the rhetorical criticism of simile, reviewing the studies of Dr. Sabah Anouz, Dr. Ahmed Ismail Al-Nuaimi, Dr. Muzahim Matar Hussein, and Dr. Abdul-Hadi Khudair Nishan. It revealed the diversity of approaches, including psychological, mythological, interpretive, and analytical methods. The second section examined the rhetorical criticism of metaphor, analyzing the studies of Dr. Ayad Abdul-Wadoud, Dr. Ahmed Khalaf Al-Mufarji, and Dr. Ramidh Matar Al-Dulaimi, highlighting their efforts in developing the study of metaphor according to stylistic and contextual perspectives. The third section addressed the rhetorical criticism of metonymy, presenting the studies of Dr. Faiz Hato Al-Shara, Dr. Abdul-Razzaq Karim Khalaf, and Dr. Thaer Hassan Hamad, revealing the transformation of metonymy from a decorative tool to a productive structure of meaning and a mechanism of symbolic resistance. The third section discussed the rhetorical criticism of metaphor, presenting the studies of Dr. Faiz Hato Al-Shara, Dr. Abdul-Razzaq Karim Khalaf, and Dr. Thaer Hassan Hamad, revealing the transformation of metonymy from a decorative tool to a productive structure of meaning and a mechanism of symbolic resistance. The second chapter is dedicated to the rhetorical critique of semantics, and it comprises three sections. The first examines the rhetorical critique of the structure of news, analyzing studies by Dr. Majida Ajil Saleh, Dr. Ahmed Batal Wasij, Dr. Aqeed Khalid Hammoudi, and Dr. Kifaya Madhkour Shalash. It demonstrates how Iraqi criticism has transcended the traditional informative function of news to encompass aesthetic, emotional, persuasive, and performative dimensions. The second section addresses the rhetorical critique of construction techniques, reviewing studies by Dr. Ahmed Fathi Ramadan, Dr. Ahmed Mahmoud Azzou Saleh, Dr. Hanaa Mahmoud Shehab, Dr. Saleh Kadhim Sakban, and Dr. Thahir Mohsen Kadhim. It reveals the stylistic deviations and rhetorical intentions of these techniques. The third section examines the rhetorical critique of sentence structures, focusing on the phenomena of fronting and backshifting, and conciseness. It analyzes studies by Dr. Talib Owaid, Dr. Ahmed Batal Wasij, Dr. Ahmed Jassim Muslim, Dr. Saleh Majeed Al-Khazraji, and Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Ali, and presents critical comparisons. These studies revealed varying levels of semantic, aesthetic, and rhythmic analysis. The third chapter addressed the rhetorical critique of the science of figures of speech (al-badi'), and was divided into three sections. The first section was dedicated to the rhetorical critique of the topics of the science of figures of speech in general, analyzing the studies of Dr. Fadhil al-Tamimi, Dr. Asma' al-Khattab, and Dr. Muhammad Hussein Tawfiq, and presenting a detailed comparison between these studies in terms of methodological shifts and innovative contributions. The second section addressed the rhetorical critique of verbal embellishments, reviewing the studies of Dr. Muhammad Falih al-Jubouri, Dr. Nadia Salem Issa, and Dr. Ahmed Hussein Khashan, and highlighting the relationship of verbal embellishments to internal rhythm and the argumentative and psychological functions. | en |
| dc.format.medium | ETD | en |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | en |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.31185/uowasit-83 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://repository.uowasit.edu.iq/handle/123456789/239 | |
| dc.language.iso | ar | en |
| dc.publisher | Wasit University | en |
| dc.title | النقد البلاغي في العراق من سنة 2000م إلى سنة 2023م قراءة وتوجيه | ar |
| dc.title.alternative | (Rhetorical Criticism in Iraq from 2000 to 2023) | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | en |
| thesis.degree.discipline | قسم اللغة العربية | ar |
| thesis.degree.grantor | جامعة واسط | ar |
| thesis.degree.level | doctoral | en |
| thesis.degree.name | دكتوراه | ar |
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